Selasa, 09 Juni 2015

GLOBAL WARMING!

NAME             : GUSTI ANI YUNITA
TASK              : ENGLISH 2 (Authorship GLOBAL WARMING )
NPM               : 23212218



Now a lot of natural changes such as ice at the north and south poles on the wane or melt, mountains which are decorated ice at its peak now diminishing height is not caused by the earthquake but because the ice has melted at its peak, now increasingly erratic climate, weather was started nobody can predict the dry season many forests burn, the more unnatural temperature during the day is very hot when even experts say such temperatures could cause skin cancer when the temperature is very cold night.
Man asked what the cause of it all? , It's all at result of global warming. Global warming is a word familiar in this day and age but did you know the meaning of global warming? Global warming or global warming is the rise in temperature of the earth's event due to the factors that influence. The main factor is the existence of CO2 (carbon dioxide) in the atmosphere, which is when sunlight penetrates into the earth's atmosphere and then reflected back into the atmosphere but a lot of light is trapped on earth as a result of the CO2 gas in the atmosphere.
Actually, not just CO2, there are also gas CO (carbon monoxide), exhaust gas industry, gas fumes, and others. Not only gases that cause global warming. Consumption goods such as air conditioners containing CFCs and using perfume, can contribute to the cause rising global temperatures (global warming).Therefore, we as one of the creatures on earth that has sense. Should be able to cope with this global warming problem. Because so many human activities that could lead to its continued global warming. We must realize and understand! ! SAVE OUR EARTH, Understand THIS EARTH, DO NOT KILL ourselves! ENJOY YOUR LIFE!
Global warming is increasing the average temperature at the earth's atmosphere and the ocean. Do you know what causes global warming? global warming is the cause of which exhaust gases from the body of a cockroach. Is this for you know that the cockroach also played a role in the occurrence of global warming. Amusing animal predicate is not one given to cockroach why only natural because studies show that a cockroach fart on average every 15 minutes once, at the time he issued a cockroach fart methane .gas methane gas that causes global warming Even after death, they will still release methane up to 18 hours. On a global scale, insect flatulence is estimated to account for 20% of all methane emissions. This puts the cockroach as one of the biggest contributors to global warming.
So if a cockroach really responsible by the global warming cockroach should hold his desire to dispose of the wind! Let us search again if there are other causes or simply cockroach responsible for global warming are not only cockroaches responsible ya so who else. None other than the us humans. True as the inhabitants of the earth who are top of the human food chain should take responsibility for this incident all .do you know you're all we've been too complacent with the natural beauty and resources that will make us forget the consequences of what will happen when we do this and that.
We also forgot to fix the corrupted nature that we have now so that God warns us to provide nature's symptoms reminded that nature is not entirely ours.We also forgot to fix the corrupted nature that we have now so that God warns us to provide nature's symptoms reminded that nature is not entirely ours. Apparently there are some activities or human activities on the earth that have an impact on global warming, among others, are
1. The greenhouse effect is why so because:
All energy sources that exist on Earth comes from the sun. Most of the energy in the form of short-wave radiation, including visible light. When this energy arriving at the surface of the Earth, he turned on the light into heat that warms the Earth. Earth's surface will absorb some of the heat and reflect the rest. Some of this heat tangible long-wave infrared radiation into space.
However, some heat remains trapped in the earth's atmosphere due to the accumulated amount of greenhouse gases include water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane that become traps for this radiation. These gases absorb and reflect radiation emitted by the Earth and consequently the heat will be stored on the surface Bumi.Keadaan this happens continuously, resulting in an annual average temperature of the earth continues to increase. These gases working in the greenhouse gas. With the increasing concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is trapped below.
The greenhouse effect is very much needed by all living things on earth, because without it, the planet would be very cool. With an average temperature of 15 ° C (59 ° F), the earth has actually hotter 33 ° C (59 ° F) temperatures in early, if there is no greenhouse effect the earth's temperature is only -18 ° C so that the ice will cover the entire Earth's surface. But on the contrary, if these gases in the atmosphere has been excessive, will lead to global warming.
2. The pollution is caused by many of its vehicles in the face of this earth who uses fuel that emit exhaust gases such as carbon monoxide gas is also a long time to accumulate in the atmosphere and cause damage to the ozone (O3), ozone is a layer in the atmosphere that protects the earth from sunlight so that ozone was damaged and cause sunlight easily enter into the earth and it caused global warming

3. cutting down trees in the forest can have an impact on the atmosphere due to forest where various kinds of trees, the tree is a tool that plays a role in improving the atmosphere but if in tebangi continuous improvement amount will be reduced so that the atmosphere was so hampered then global warming will occur.
            Now that the cause of global warming examples derived from humans but calm everything there is a solution of human origin it will change from now on this is the way that global warming can be stopped them is do not make excessive greenhouse effect because of the greenhouse gases that accumulate in the atmosphere will causing radiation that increases warming. Using fuel derived from resources that can be updated and does not produce exhaust gases such as ethanol fuel oil electricity from alcohol and other fuels that do not produce exhaust gas as well as easy on the updated
Start switching to power plants that do not use fossil fuels because of the use of fossil fuels that many will menghasilakan exhaust gases that can damage the atmosphere following example power plants that utilize existing power in nature such as hydropower (hydropower plants), SPP ( tenga solar power generation) power plant sea waves, etc.
Do not let the war happen because of the war is also very dangerous because during the war we use hazardous materials even radioactive materials are often found in the tool armament especially dibagia war ammunition during the war, these substances will pollute the air in the earth even radio active materials can emit radiation impact on health then do not have time war between two different sides we leave because besides global warming could also cause damage to our health and innocent people in the war.

Carry out any activity that can preserve the earth's forests such as reforestation and the planting area of ​​vacant land with trees not let the bare forest production after its use to reduce the use pepohanan if it should be used but kept kelestarianya always. with all the efforts and prayers effort we can definitely improve our natural and halt global warming that began to plague our world is not the way of doing a research with a substantial amount of money to find out how to order a cockroach can be stopped farts or collect hundreds or all the cockroaches in advance earth to be destroyed but let us divert a lot of money and a large number it is to start making changes in the form of all the steps that have been found to stop this global warming .Global warming will not stop until there's nothing stopping so who must stop the answer is that we all are human beings who are in the earth.

Kamis, 04 Juni 2015

Tugas softskill Bahasa inggris Bisnis 2 (Penerapan dalam dunia kerja)

3032010
Learning English effectively when living in a foreign country challenging. While English classes are available, native English speakers do not. Moreover, students rarely get the chance to practice their skills, so it is difficult to learn the language. If you are someone who wants to learn English efficiently while living in a foreign country, keep these tips in mind. Let your fear One of the problems of most people who like foreign languages, including English learning is fear. When we teach our children and our own language, we rarely fear saying something wrong. After all, everyone praises and rewards the child to talk business. As we age, however we have learned that mistakes in speech can be cause for ridicule.
When we try to learn another language, we are afraid of the skills we have experienced this practice for fear of ridicule. Yet the practice is very important to learn English, so you should be able to overcome this fear and start practicing as much as possible. Find a Native Speaker Taking a class taught by someone who learned English as adults will not cut. You need to find classes taught by a native speaker of English if possible. If not, take a class taught by someone who lived in an English speaking country for a while. This will help you learn the correct pronunciation while working to learn the language. Listen Up! One of the best ways to learn English is to hear. Once you learn some basic vocabulary, surround yourself with people who speak English. English watching television or movies, listening to UK radio stations, or go to the website where you can hear the spoken English.
Listening to people, especially native speakers, who speak in non-classroom, will help you develop a sense of atmosphere language. You learn what non-standard word used in everyday conversation, how people interact, and what type of sarcasm is used by people who speak English. When watching English television programs or movies, or you can use your TV so you can see the English subtitles. This will help you when you try to listen to the spoken word. You’ll also be able to see the written word, to help you check your understanding. Find someone to practice When you develop a concept, you should practice.
Finding someone you can practice speaking English, whether a native speaker or someone who English as a second language. Are the times when you go to something fun to do, but only English spoken. Just as you do when you need a baby learning your native language, you must practice speaking English on a regular basis as you learn the language effectively. Reading in English Once you have some basic vocabulary and grammar under your belt, start reading in English. Even if you need to start with a simple illustration of books and magazines, reading in English will help you learn the language better understood.
Put English books in your home, and read as often as possible. This will help you to start thinking in English, showing that the language effectively. Because you live in a foreign country and not surrounded by native speakers, learning English would be a little harder. Use the Internet to help the courses and programs for language learning. Practice as much as you can, and not afraid to fail. Soon will speak efficiently as a native speaker, and your grammar is a little better.
Sumber : freeenglishtest.blogspot.com

Jumat, 01 Mei 2015

SENTENCE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE



NAMA                       : GUSTI ANI YUNITA
NPM                           : 23212218
CLASS                       :3EB22
TASK                         : SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS 2


SENTENCE ACTIVE AND PASSIVE

How to Change Active Voice menjad Passive Voice 
How to change from active to passive sentence was not tough. Just stay put objects in sentences that are usually active in the sentence akhit be at the beginning of the sentence. Jam it, one thing you must remember is the main verb is in the active sentence should be changed to form the third and preceded by to be, which tetntunya must be in accordance with the preceding objects. VERB FORM OF THREE (past participle) is in the passive voice will not change, no matter in what tense of the passive voice.
V1 / V2 / V3 => tobe + V3
Suppose: eat into is / are eaten

Here's how to change the active voice to the passive tense in English 16:
Present
1. Simple Present
Active: S + V1 + O
Passive: O + tobe + V3
Example
a. I eat that cake. => That cake is eatean (by me).
b. She breaks the vase. => The vase is broken (by her).

* Word in brackets may be used or not.

2. Present Future
Active: S + will + V1 + O
Passive: O + Will + be + V3
Examples:
a. I will do the homework. => The homework will be done (by me).
b. My boss will accept my plan. => My plan will be accepted (by my boss).

3. Present Perfect
Active: S + Have / Has + V3 + O
Passive: O + Have / Has been + V3 +
Examples:
a. You have taken the pencil. => The pencil has been taken (by you).
b. He has written a letter. => A letter has been written (by him).

4. Present Continuous
Active: S + V-ing tobe + + O
Passive: O + tobe + being + V3
Examples:
a. They are destroying that big building. => That big building is being destroyed.
b. He is eating a huge cake. => A huge cake is being eaten.

5. Present Future Perfect
Active: S + Will + Have + V3 + O
Passive: O + Will + Have + been + V3
Examples:
a. We will have finished all the tasks. => All the tasks will have been finished (by us).
b. Next month, he will have finished his paper. => Next month, his paper will have been finished (by him).

6. Present Future Continuous
Active: S + Will + Have + been + V-ing
Passive: O + Will + Have + been + being + V3
Examples:
a. I will have been cooking the dinner soon. => The dinner will have been being cooked soon (by me).
b. I'm sure my boss will have been firing me. => I'm sure I will have been being fired (by my boss).

7. Present Perfect Continuous
Active: S + Have / Has + been + V-ing + O
Passive: O + Have / Has + been + being + V3
Examples:
1. I have been fixing up your phone. => Your phone has been being fixed (by me).
2. She has been eating cakes all. => All cakes have been being eaten (by her).

8. Present Future Perfect Continuous
Active: S + Will + Have + been + V-ing + O
Passive: O + Will + Have + been + being + V3
Examples:
1. They will have been killing me. => I will have been being killed (by them).
2. She will have been telling me the truth. => The truth will have been being told (by her).

Past
9. Simple Past
Active: S + V2 + O
Passive: O + tobe + V3
Examples:
a. I broke the glass. => The glass was broken (by me).
b. My mom told me. => I was told (by my mom).

10. Past Future
Active: S + Would + V1 + O
Passive: O + Would + be + V3
a. I would spend the money. => The money would be spent (by me).
c. His father would hit him. => He would be hit (by his father).

Passive sentence is a sentence that is the subject subjected to the job.
The passive voice sentence also called response or object sentence.

Subject recipient of action + To be + Past participle + Actors Actions
 It is more obvious examples of the passive voice in English
Present Tense
1.      Passive : The history book of Indonesia is read by Tika.
2.      Active: Tika read the history book of Indonesia.
Present Continuous
1.      Passive : The new short story is being written by Sarah
2.      Active : I am writing the new short story.
Present Perfect
1.       Passive : The car has been fixed by my father.
2.      Active: My father has fixed the car
Present Perfect Continuous
1.       Passive : The homework has been being done by Danny.
2.      Active : Danny has been doing the homework.
Past Tense
1.      Passive : The room was cleaned by us. 
2.      Active : We cleaned the room.
Past Continuous Tense
1.       Passive: The movie was being watched by us when you came.
2.      Active : We were watching the movie when you came.



Minggu, 29 Maret 2015

NAME               : GUSTI ANI YUNITA
CLASS              : 3EB22
NPM                  : 23212218
ASSIGNMENT :  SOFTSKILL BAHASA INGGRIS 2

Hobby or avocation every person is different. We are often asked questions about what our hobby. When we talk about a hobby, a lot of hobbies, such as playing football, fishing, reading and so on.

Hobbies usually done when free time just to fill time. However hobby when engaged in earnest will also produce something useful. Here are some hobbies that we often do.

My name is Gusti ani yunita, I often greet wise, I was 21 years old and I am a student. I was in Housing housekeeping Graha Harapan, East Bekasi, with my parents

Every day I learn in Bekasi State University, Faculty of Economics majoring in Accounting.
I help parents to sell jacket sport at home and others. I am very proud to learn in Gunadarma, because it is close to home and quality assured to educate.

I like shopping, I like this one the most difficult for me especially if you subtract any expenditure not remember his little money. I am most happy to buy a bag,shoes ,  the bag is my favorite out of high school SMK, somehow every bag of the most unique I have always been interested in collecting it. and secondly I am happy to collect watches

My hobbies are swimming. I often swim practice every week. It took a very long time to be, because I have to let alone my house right near the pool, therefore my body tall, black leather .. I've been a few times I went to salon to beautify themselves and care as usual but it all does not bring the results

I should have followed my brother who has motivated me to be able to swim, because he's he's a successful athlete, but I am less diligent to not follow the swim team then there goes the hope of atlet.but besides athletes so that I can be high, dense muscles and posture the good one.

Although the dream to be a strong swimmer is not reached, but the spirit to strive to be better again rampage as the fire burns.

Some of my story, sorry if there is grammatically incorrect. To all my readers

Rabu, 07 Januari 2015

TUGAS SOFTSKILL BAHASA INDONESIA (2)

SOFTKILL  BAHASA  INDONESIA
TENTANG
“ METODE ILMIAH  “



NAMA
KELOMPOK :  8

Lutfiah  Maharani  Juanto
:
24212280
Gusti  Ani  Yunita
:
23212218 
Eiva  Kappelia
:
22212392





Fakultas  Ekonomi , Jurusan  Akuntansi
Universitas  Gunadarma




Metode ilmiah atau proses ilmiah ( scientific method) merupakan proses keilmuan untuk memperoleh pengetahuan secara sistematis berdasarkan bukti fisis. Ilmuwan melakukan pengamatan serta membentuk hipotesis dalam usahanya untuk menjelaskan fenomena alam  yang dibuat berdasarkan hipotesis tersebut diuji dengan melakukan eksperimen. Jika suatu hipotesis lolos uji berkali-kali, hipotesis tersebut dapat menjadi suatu teori ilmiah. 

Metode ilmiah merupakan proses berpikir untuk memecahkan masalah

Metode ilmiah berangkat dari suatu permasalahan yang perlu dicari jawaban atau pemecahannya. Proses berpikir ilmiah dalam metode ilmiah tidak berangkat dari sebuah asumsi, atau simpulan, bukan pula berdasarkan  data atau fakta khusus. Proses berpikir untuk memecahkan masalah lebih berdasar kepada masalah nyata. Untuk memulai suatu metode ilmiah, maka dengan demikian pertama-tama harus dirumuskan masalah apa yang sedang dihadapi dan sedang dicari pemecahannya. Rumusan permasalahan ini akan menuntun proses selanjutnya.

Pada Metode Ilmiah, proses berpikir dilakukan secara sistematis

Dalam metode ilmiah, proses berpikir dilakukan secara sistematis dengan bertahap, tidak zig-zag. Proses berpikir yang sistematis ini dimulai dengan kesadaran akan adanya masalah hingga terbentuk sebuah kesimpulan. Dalam metode ilmiah, proses berpikir dilakukan sesuai langkah-langkah metode ilmiah secara sistematis dan berurutan.

Metode ilmiah didasarkan pada data empiris

Setiap metode ilmiah selalu disandarkan pada data empiris. maksudnya adalah, bahwa masalah yang hendak ditemukan pemecahannya atau jawabannya itu harus tersedia datanya, yang diperoleh dari hasil pengukuran secara objektif. Ada atau tidak tersedia data empiris merupakan salah satu kriteria penting dalam metode ilmiah. Apabila sebuah masalah dirumuskan lalu dikaji tanpa data empiris, maka itu bukanlah sebuah bentuk metode ilmiah.

Pada metode ilmiah, proses berpikir dilakukan secara terkontrol

Di saat melaksanakan metode ilmiah, proses berpikir dilaksanakan secara terkontrol. Maksudnya terkontrol disini adalah, dalam berpikir secara ilmiah itu dilakukan secara sadar dan terjaga, jadi apabila ada orang lain yang juga ingin membuktikan kebenarannya dapat dilakukan seperti apa adanya. Seseorang yang berpikir ilmiah tidak melakukannya dalam keadaan berkhayal atau bermimpi, akan tetapi dilakukan secara sadar dan terkontrol.

Langkah-Langkah Metode Ilmiah

Karena metode ilmiah dilakukan secara sistematis dan berencana, maka terdapat langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan secara urut dalam pelaksanaannya. Setiap langkah atau tahapan dilaksanakan secara terkontrol dan terjaga. Adapun langkah-langkah metode ilmiah adalah sebagai berikut:

Langkah-langkah
1. Memilih dan mendefinisikan masalah.
2. Survei terhadap data yang tersedia.
3. Memformulasikan hipotesa.
4. Membangun kerangka analisa serta alat-alat dalam menguji hipotesa.
5. Mengumpulkan data primair.
6. Mengolah, menganalisa serla membuat interpretasi.
7. Membual generalisasi dan kesimpulan.
8. Membuat Laporan

kriteria metode ilmiah

Supaya suatu metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian disebut metode ilmiah, maka metode tersebut harus mempunyai kriteria sebagai berikut:
1. Berdasarkan fakta.
2. Bebas dari prasangka (bias)
3. Menggunakan prinsip-prinsip analisa.
4. Menggunakan hipotesa
5. Menggunakah ukuran objektif.
6. Menggunakan teknik kuantifikasi.
6.1. Berdasarkan Fakta

Keterangan-keterangan yang ingin diperoleh dalam penelitian, baik yang akan dikumpulkan dan yang dianalisa haruslah berdasarkan fakta-fakta yang nyata. Janganlah penemuan atau pembuktian didasar-kan pada daya khayal, kira-kira, legenda-legenda atau kegiatan sejenis.

6.2. Bebas dari Prasangka
Metode ilmiah harus mempunyai sifat bebas prasangka, bersih dan jauh dari pertimbangan subjektif. Menggunakan suatu fakta haruslah dengan alasan dan bukti yang lengkap dan dengan pembuktian yang objektif.

6.3. Menggunakan Prinsip Analisa
Dalam memahami serta member! arti terhadap fenomena yang kompleks, harus digunakan prinsip analisa. Semua masalah harus dicari sebab-musabab serta pemecahannya dengan menggunakan analisa yang logis, Fakta yang mendukung tidaklah dibiarkan sebagaimana adanya atau hanya dibuat deskripsinya saja. Tetapi semua kejadian harus dicari sebab-akibat dengan menggunakan analisa yang tajam.
6.4. Menggunakan Hipotesa
Dalam metode ilmiah, peneliti harus dituntun dalam proses berpikir dengan menggunakan analisa. Hipotesa harus ada untuk mengonggokkan persoalan serta memadu jalan pikiran ke arah tujuan yang ingin dicapai sehingga hasil yang ingin diperoleh akan mengenai sasaran dengan tepat. Hipotesa merupakan pegangan yang khas dalam menuntun jalan pikiran peneliti.

6.5. Menggunakan Ukuran Obyektif
Kerja penelitian dan analisa harus dinyatakan dengan ukuran yang objektif. Ukuran tidak boleh dengan merasa-rasa atau menuruti hati nurani. Pertimbangan-pertimbangan harus dibuat secara objektif dan dengan menggunakan pikiran yang waras.

6.6. Menggunakan Teknik Kuantifikasi
Dalam memperlakukan data ukuran kuantitatif yang lazim harus digunakan, kecuali untuk artibut-artibut yang tidak dapat dikuantifikasikan Ukuran-ukuran seperti ton, mm, per detik, ohm, kilogram, dan sebagainya harus selalu digunakan Jauhi ukuran-ukuran seperti: sejauh mata memandang, sehitam aspal, sejauh sebatang rokok, dan sebagai¬nya Kuantifikasi yang termudah adalah dengan menggunakan ukuran nominal, ranking dan rating

Langkah-langkah dalam metode ilmiah
Pelaksanaan penelitian dengan menggunakan metode ilmiah harus mengikuti langkah-langkah tertentu. Marilah lebih dahulu ditinjau langkah-langkah yang diambil oleh beberapa ahli dalam mereka melaksanakan penelitian.

Schluter (1926) memberikan 15 langkah dalam melaksanakan penelitian dengan metode ilmiah. Langkah-langkah tersebut adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Pemilihan bidang, topik atau judul penelitian.
2. Mengadakan survei lapangan untuk merumuskan masalah-malalah yang ingin dipecahkan.
3. Membangun sebuah bibliografi.
4. Memformulasikan dan mendefinisikan masalah.
5. Membeda-bedakan dan membuat out-line dari unsur-unsur permasalahan.
6. Mengklasifikasikan unsur-unsur dalam masalah menurut hu-bungannya dengan data atau bukti, baik langsung ataupun tidak langsung.
7. Menentukan data atau bukti mana yang dikehendaki sesuai dengan pokok-pokok dasar dalam
    masalah.
8. Menentukan apakah data atau bukti yang dipertukan tersedia atau tidak.
9. Menguji untuk diketahui apakah masalah dapat dipecahkan atau tidak.
10. Mengumpulkan data dan keterangan yang diperlukan.
11. Mengatur data secara sistematis untuk dianalisa.
12. Menganalisa data dan bukti yang diperoleh untuk membuat interpretasi.
13. Mengatur data untuk persentase dan penampilan.
14. Menggunakan citasi, referensi dan footnote (catatan kaki).
15. Menulis laporan penelitian.

Dalain melaksanakan penelitian secara ilmiah. Abclson (1933) mcmberikan langkah-langkah berikut:
1. Tentukan judul. Judul dinyatakan secara singkat

2. Pemilihan masalah. Dalam pemilihan ini harus: a). Nyatakan apa yang disarankan oleh judul. b). Berikan  
    alasan terhadap pemilihan tersebut. Nyatakan perlunya diselidiki masalah menurut kepentingan umum. c).  
    Sebutkan ruang lingkup penelitian. Secara singkat jelaskan materi. situasi dan hal-hal lain yang menyangkut 
    bidang yang akan diteliti.

3. Pemecahan masalah. Dalain niemecahkan masalah harus diikuti hal-hal berikut: a).
    Analisa harus logis. Aturlah bukti dalam bnntuk yang sistematis dan logis. Demikian juga halnya 
    unsur-unsur yang dapat memecahkan masalah. b). Proscdur penelitian yang digunakan harus dinyatakan 
    secara singkat. c) Urutkan data, fakta dan keterangan-keterangan khas yang diperlukan d). Harus  
    dinyatakan bagaimana set dari data diperoleh termasuk referensi yang digunakan. e). Tunjukkan cara data 
    dilola sampai mempunyai arti dalam memecahkan masalah. f). Urutkan asumsi-asumsi yang digunakan 
    serta luibungannya dalam berbagai fase penelitian.

4. Kesimpulan
a). Berikan kesimpulan dari hipotesa. nyatakan dua atau tiga kesimpulan yang mungkin diperoleh b). Berikan 
     implikasi dari kesimpulan. Jelaskan bebernpa implikasi dari produk hipotesa dengan memberikan 
     beberapa inferensi.

5. Berikan studi-studi sebelumnya yang pernah dikerjakan yang berhubungan dengan masalah.
    Nyalakan kerja-kerja sebelumnya secara singkat dan berikan referensi bibliografi yang mungkin ada  
    manfaatnya scbagai model dalam memecahkan masalah. Dari pedoman beberapn ahli di atas, maka dapal 
    disimpulkan balnwa penelitian dengan mcnggunakan metode ilmiah sckurang-kurangnya dilakukan dengan  
    langkah-langkah berikut:

5.1. Merumuskan serta mcndefinisikan masalah
langkah pertama dalam meneliti adalah menetapkan masalah yang akan dipecahkan. Untuk menghilangkan keragu-raguan. masalah tersebut didefinisikan secara jelas. Sampai ke mana luas masalah yang akan dipecahkan Sebutkan beberapa kata kunci (key words) yang terdapal dalam masalah Misalnya. masalah yang dipilih adalah Bagaimana pengaruh mekanisasi terhadap pendapatan usaha tani di Aceh?
Berikan definisi tentang usaha tani, tentang mekanisasi, pada musim apa. dan sebagainya

5.2. Mengadakan studi kepustakaan
Setelah masalah dirumuskan, step kedua yang dilakukan dalam mencari data yang tersedia yang pernah ditulis peneliti sebelumnya yang ada hubungannya dengan masalah yang ingin dipecahkan. Kerja mencari bahan di perpustakaan merupakan hal yang tak dapat dihindarkan olch seorang peneliti. Ada kalanya. perumusan masalah dan studi keputusan dapat dikerjakan secara bersamaan.

5.3. Memformulasikan hipotesa
Setelah diperoleh infonnasi mengenai hasil penelitian ahli lain yang ada sangkut-pautnya dengan masalah yang ingin dipecahkan. maka tiba saatnya peneliti memformulasikan hipotesa-hipolesa unttik penelitian. Hipotesa tidak lain dari kesimpulan sementara tentang hubunggan sangkut-paut antarvariabel atau fenomena dalam penelitian. Hipotesa merupakan kesimpulan tentatif yang diterima secara sementara sebelum diuji.

5.4. Menentukan model untuk menguji hipotesa
Setelah hipotesa-hipotesa ditetapkan. kerja selanjutnya adalah merumuskan cara-cara untuk menguji hipotesa tersebut. Pada ilmu-ilmu sosial yang telah lebih berkembang. scperti ilmu ekonomi misalnva. pcnguji’an hipotesa didasarkan pada kerangka analisa (analytical framework) yang telah ditetapkan. Model matematis dapat juga dibuat untuk mengrefleksikan hubungan antarfenomena yang secara implisif terdapal dalam hipotesa. untuk diuji dengan teknik statistik yang tersedia.
Pcngujian hipotesa menghendaki data yang dikumpulkan untuk keperluan tersebut. Data tersebut bisa saja data prime ataupun data sekunder yang akan dikumpulkan oleh peneliti.

5.5. Mengumpulkan data
Peneliti memerlukan data untuk menguji hipotesa. Data tersebut yang merupakan fakta yang digunakan untuk menguji hipotesa perlu dikumpulkan. Bcrgantung dan masalah yang dipilih serta metode pcnelitian yang akan digunakan. teknik pengumpulan data akan berbeda-beda. Jika penelitian menggunakan metode percobaan. misalnya. data diperoleh dan plot-plot pcrcobaan yang dibual sendiri oleh peneliti Pada metodc scjarah ataupun survei normal, data diperoleh dengan mcngajukan pertanyaan-pertanyaan kepada responden. baik secara langsung ataupun dengan menggunakan questioner Ada kalanya data adalah hasil pengamatan langsung terhadap perilaku manusia di mana peneliti secara partisipatif berada dalam kelompok orang-orang yang diselidikinya.

5.6. Menyusun, Menganalisa, and Menyusun interfensi
Setelah data terkumpul. pcneliti menyusun data untuk mengadakan analisa Sebelum analisa dilakukan. data tersebul disusun lebih dahulu untuk mempermudah analisa. Penyusunan data dapat dalam bentuk label ataupun membuat coding untuk analisa dengan komputer. Sesudah data dianalisa. maka perlu diberikan tafsiran atau interpretasi terhadap data tersebut.

5.7. Membuat generalisasi dan kesimpulan
Setelah tafsiran diberikan, maka peneliti membuat generalisasi dari penemuan-penemuan, dan selanjutnya memberikan beberapa kesimpulan. Kesimpulan dan generalisasi ini harus berkaitan dengan hipotesa. Apakah hipotesa benar untuk diterima. ataukah hiporesa tersebut ditolak.

5.8.Membuat laporan ilmiah
Langkah terakhir dari suatu penelitian ilmiah adalah membuat laporan ilmiah tentang hasil-hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian tersebut. Penulisan secara ilmiah mempunyai teknik tersendiri.


sumber :

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metode_ilmiah
http://penelitiantindakankelas.blogspot.com/2013/07/pengertian-dan-langkah-langkah-metode-ilmiah.html
http://nugrohoadi2ka12.wordpress.com/2011/05/30/langkah-langkah-metode-ilmiah/
http://google.com